乌鲁木齐市部分社区成年女性压力性尿失禁的流行病学及危险因素分析

Stress urinary incontinence among adult women in some communities of Urumchi City:Epidemiology and risk factors

目的目前,国内对压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)的流行病学研究报告较少涉及到经济和医疗条件相对落后、多民族聚居的农牧区,对少数民族患病状况及发病因素的流行病学报道亦少见。新疆维吾尔自治区有汉族、维吾尔族等47个民族,以农牧区为主,经济及生活条件相对滞后,早婚、多产现象较多见,健康意识欠缺。文中探讨乌鲁木齐市部分社区成年女性SUI的发病情况及危险因素,以求制订适合新疆地区的SUI防治措略,填补国内此方面的研究空白。方法于2010年5月至8月以问卷调查方式在乌鲁木齐市部分社区收集18岁以上女性资料共5552例,调查项目包括一般情况及分娩相关情况,慢性疾病以及尿失禁患病情况等。排除急迫性尿失禁和混和性尿失禁者383例,对其余5169例的数据进行各项因素的患病率分析。通过单因素、多因素logistic回归分析确定导致SUI发生的危险因素。结果乌鲁木齐市部分社区5169例成年女性中SUI患病率为23.6%。年龄、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰臀比、分娩方式、产次、难产、会阴撕裂、会阴侧切、慢性咳嗽、便秘等因素可能为SUI发生的危险因素。结论女性SUI是由多种因素共同参与而发生,其所引发或伴随的一系列症状严重影响患者的生活质量及心身健康,早期预防对于避免或减少本病的发生具有积极意义。

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the epidemiology and risk factors of adult female stress urinary incontinence （SUI） in some communities of Urumchi City. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey and collected the data from 5552 women over 18 years of age in some communities of Urumchi City. The survey covered the demographic characteristics, delivery-related factors, chronic diseases, and urinary incontinence prevalence of the subjects. Excluding urge incontinence and/or mixed incontinence symptoms, we analyzed the data for the prevalence of SUI, and determined its risk factors by single-factor and mult- ivariate logistic regression analyses. Results The incidence rate of SUI was 23.6% in the adult females, and its risk factors includ- ed age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, mode of delivery, number of deliveries, difficult delivery, dystocia, perineal tear, episioto- my, chronic cough, and constipation among the adult women in some communities of Urumchi City. Conclusion Female SUI results from multiple factors, and its symptoms can seriously affect the patients＇ quality of life as well as their physical and mental health. Early positive measures may help prevent or reduce the prevalence of SUI.