现代性的危机与拯救——谈哈贝马斯交往行动理论

The Crisis and Salvation of Modernity——An Elementary Study of Habermas'Theory on Communicative Action

启蒙运动肯定了人的主体地位和创造能力,是人类主体意识和理性能力的觉醒。由启蒙运动引发的现代化,逐渐出现了理性的分裂和人与生活世界的分裂的现代性危机。面对现代性危机,哈贝马斯试图提出一种新的理性理论即交往行动理论来化解现代性危机,来弥合理性的分裂和现代社会的分裂。他的交往行动以语言为媒介,希望利用语言的包容与整合作用来达成共识,而且他主张语言交往的程序优先性和原则性。为了更好地保证交往行动的现实性和合法性,他又提出了"生活世界"的概念。人们在现实生活世界的语言交往中,使用自己的理性进行自我表达与回应,从而形成交往理性。交往理性以语言为媒介、以现实世界为背景,通过理性的互动达到人与人之间的理解和统一,从而化解理性的分裂和人与生活世界的分裂的现代性危机。

Enlightenment affirmed the status of human subjectivity and creativity, it is the awakening of con- sciousness and rational capacity. Caused by the modernization of the enlightenment, it gradually emerges the modern crisis of a rational division and the division of people and life world. Facing the crisis of modernity, Habermas tried to put forward a new theory of the rational,which is theory of communicative action to resolve the crisis of modernity. His communicative action is based on language as a medium, hoping to take the lan- guage of tolerance and integration to reach a consensus, and he advocated through language exchange program priorities and principles. In order to better guarantee the reality and legitimacy, he proposed a ＂life-world＂ con- cept ,people in the real life take their own reasons to express and response. Communicative rationality takes language as a medium, the real world as the background, through the interaction to reach a rational understand- ing and agreement between people, the crisis of a rational division and the division between the man and the world of modern life can be defused.