近30a全国人体舒适度指数变化特征

Variation Characteristics of Comfort Index of Human Body in China in Recent 30 Years

利用全国736个站点1981～2010年的逐日气象资料,对人体舒适度指数(ICHB)时空演变、各影响因子的权重以及夏季6、7、8月的偏热天数进行了统计分析。研究表明:(1)近30 a来,我国年均ICHB呈上升趋势,且达到极显著水平,各区的ICHB年际变化与全国的演变趋势总体保持一致;(2)通过对4季ICHB比较,春、秋、冬3个季节的ICHB上升趋势均比夏季明显,冬季最为明显,春季次之;(3)温度(湿度和风速)与ICHB存在着极显著的正(负)相关关系,其中温度对ICHB的正影响最大,而湿度和风速对ICHB的负影响主要是通过温度的间接作用来体现;(4)近30 a来,我国夏季6月份偏热天数较少,7、8月份平均偏热天数相当,华南地区偏热天数最多,西北地区最为舒适。

Based on the daily meteorological data from 736 stations in China during 1981 -2010, the spatio -temporal evolution chareristics of comfort index of human body（ Icss） were analyzed, at the same time, the weight of every influencing factor and the hotter ys from June to August were analyzed statistically. The results are as follows ： （ 1 ） The annual average IcHs in China and each partition presented ascendant trend in the past 30 years, which reached an extremely significant level and the linear increasing trend of IcnB in ina is 0.08 each year; （2）The Icns in spring, autumn and winter presented obvious increasing＇ trend, especially in winter, but the nd wasn＇ t obvious in summer; （3） There were significant positive （negative） correlation between temperature （ humidity and wind eed） and lcHs, furthermore, temperature had the biggest impact on Ic.B while the influence of humidity and wind speed on lc.s was .inly indirect effect through temperature; （4）Over the past 30 years, the hotter days was more in July and August but less in June, d hotter days were most in Southern China, but the northwest China was the most comfortable one.