日粮中添加高硒钴锌苜蓿干草对奶牛生产水平的影响

Effects of Alfalfa Hay with High Selenium,Cobalt and Zinc Supplemented in Diet on Production Level of Cows

分别用5%的高硒、高硒钴以及高硒钴锌3种高微量元素苜蓿Medicago sativa替代基础日粮中等量普通苜蓿青干草,研究高微苜蓿对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响,,为提高奶牛的饲料转化率和改善奶的品质提供依据。结果表明:和添加等量的普通苜蓿草干草相比,3种高微量元素苜蓿干草能显著提高奶牛的饲料转化率,影响牛奶的营养含量,并且饲喂安全,无副作用。其中,高硒苜蓿草干草能提高产奶量8.6%(P<0.05),提高饲料转化率13,8%(P<0.05),但显著降低了牛奶中乳脂和乳蛋白的含量;高硒钴和高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草能加强奶牛对饲料的利用,增加日增重,饲料转化率分别提高16.5%(P<0.05)和33.1%(P<0.05)。另外,高硒钴和高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草还能改善牛奶的品质,其中高硒钴苜蓿青干草能提高牛奶中乳脂含量的22.15%(P<0.05),高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草能使奶中乳蛋白、乳糖以及非脂固形物的含量分别提高9.28%(P<0.05)、3.26%和4.69%。因此,在奶牛生产中适当添加高硒钴锌苜蓿青干草,既能能提高奶牛的饲料转化率,又能提高奶的品质,而且安全又效果好,可以在生产中加以推广和利用。

The effects of diets added 5% of 3 different kinds of alfalfa hay （high contents of Se, Se-Co, Se-Co-Zn）on feed conversion and production traits of Holstein cow were studied in order to provide theo- retical bases for raising feed conversion rates as well as milk qualities. The results showed that all diets could enhance feed conversion efficiency and affect percentage of milk contents without harmful side effects compared to common type alfalfa hay , in which, alfalfa hay with high Se could enhance milk yield and conversion efficiency rate by 8.6% （P〈0.05）and 13.8% （P〈0.05） respectively, but decrease the con- tents of protein and fat in milk. Alfalfa hay with high Se-Co and high Se-Co-Zn could enforce feed utiliza- tion and enhance daily gain , and the conversion efficiency rates raise by 16,5% （P〈0.05） and 33,1% （P〈0.05） respectively. Alfalfa hay with high Se-Co and high Se-Co-Zn can also raise milk qualities. Alfalfa hay with high Se-Co can raise fat content by 22.15% of milk ;Alfalfa hay with high Se-Co-Zn could raise protein content By 9. 28%, lactose content by 3.26% and fat-free solid content by 4.69% respectively. Generally speaking, it was more feasible and possible to supplement appropriate amounts of alfalfa hay with high Se-Co-Zn with cow diets with regard to raising feed conversion rates as well as milk qualities with safety and good effects.