2011年临沂市河东区狂犬病监测结果分析

The rabies monitoring results in hedong district of Linyi city in 2011

目的分析本市河东区2011年狂犬病监测资料,为预防和控制狂犬病提供一定的科学依据。方法根据《全国狂犬病监测方案(试行)》收集全区狂犬病监测资料并进行流行病学分析。结果 2011年本市共报告狂犬病例1例。被动物致伤到狂犬病暴露处置门诊就诊者合计3971例,其中男性2471例,15岁以下者1190例;5～8月份就诊者1809例;暴露部位为上肢者占52.08%,下肢占31.98%;Ⅱ、Ⅲ级暴露者占92.24%,就诊前伤口自行处理者占13.25%,未处理者占5.29%,狂犬病疫苗全程接种率为94.31%,Ⅲ级暴露者抗狂犬病血清/免疫球蛋白伤注射率为14.27%。被犬致伤者占88.57%,全区犬密度为7.71只/100人,犬免疫率为27.67%,猫密度约占犬密度1/2,免疫率较犬低。结论犬和猫密度高、兽用狂犬病疫苗接种率低,群众防范意识差及暴露后未能得到规范处理是目前狂犬病高发的主要相关因素。加强犬和猫的"管、免、灭"措施,做好大众宣传教育,规范暴露后处置,是遏制狂犬病高发行之有效的措施。

Objective To analyze the rabies monitoring data of hedong district during 2011 and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies. Methods The rabies monitoring data throughout the region were collected according to the programme for the monitoring of national rabies （for trial implementation） and epidemiological analysis was undertaken. Results Only one local rabies case was reported in 2011. Total of 3971 cases injured by animals were reported in the rabies clinics record, including 2471 male cases and 1190 children cases under 15 years old. There were 1809 cases who received medical examination from May to August. The rate of the upper and lower limb exposed were 52.08% and 31.98%, respectively. The rate of exposure grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ was 92. 24%. Total of 13. 25% patients received pre-treatment and 5. 29% patients were unhandled on their own wounds. The whole rabies vaccine inoculation rate was 94.31% and the anti-rabies serum or immunoglobulin injection rate was 14.27% in the exposed grade Ⅲ group. About 88.57% patients were injured by dogs. The density of dogs was 7.71 per 100 person and the immunization rate was 27.67% throughout the region, but the density of cats was only about half of the dog. Conclusions The high density, low veterinary vaccination rates, poor guard consciousness and failed normative process after exposure are all the main related factors of rabies currently. Strengthening the management, immunization and killing of sick dog and cat, promoting public propaganda and specification of rabies post-exposure treatment are effective measures to prevent the high rabies incidence.