19世纪后期美国人环境观念转变的原因探析

On the Causes of the Changing of the American Environmental Ethics in the late 19th Century

19世纪后期,美国人的环境观念发生了巨大变化,"征服自然"的观念逐渐为保护主义的理念所取代。造成上述转变的因素是多方面的,除工业化、城市化和西部开发所导致的资源破坏与环境退化引起社会各阶层的关注和重视外,继承了西方阿卡迪亚传统的浪漫主义者的宣传、生态意识的建立和早期保护主义智者的宣传与推动也发挥了重要作用。美国人环境观念的转变为进步主义时期资源保护运动的兴起奠定了思想基础,因此,一套有利于环境保护的价值观念的建立对于保护政策的顺利推行是极为重要的。

the environmental ethics of the Americans had been dramatically changed in the late 19^th century Gradually, the ethics of ＂Conquering the Nature＂ was substituted by the belief of conservation. There were many - faceted reasons for that evolution. Besides the natural resources squandering and environmental deterioration led by industrialization, urbanization and Western exploitation, to which had been paid attention by all social groups, the calling of the Romanticists who had inherited the Acadia traditions of the Western society, the founding and spreading of the ecological consciousness, and the promotion of the early conservationists all had played important roles in this process. The transformation of the American environmental ethics had set the ideological foundation of the Natural Resource Conservation in the Progressive Era, so, a set of conservative ethics is the safeguard of the smoothly practicing of the environmental policies.