社会转型时期美国女性就业特征与影响(1870-1920)

The Characteristics and Impacts of Women's Employment during the Social Transition Period in America(1870-1920)

1870年至1920年,随着工业化和城市化的初步实现,美国经济发展速度空前,创造出了大量就业岗位,并由此形成了一股女性就业高潮。该时期美国就业女性以年轻的单身女性为主,工作岗位高度集中在家庭服务业、制造业、白领以及专门行业中,且具有明显的因种族和民族而导致的就业差异特征。美国女性大量进入就业领域提升了自己的家庭和社会地位,她们传统的婚恋观和家庭观受到冲击,并促使美国妇女从传统女性向现代新女性形象转变。

From 1870 to 1920, after American industrialization and urbanization, the economy of the United States developed rapidly, this created many opportunities for female employment. During this period, the major part of the working women were very young and single, and limited their vocation selection on several occupations, such as domestic service, factory and mill, white - collar jobs and the professional positions, also due to the race and ethnic factors, there was hierarchy system in the female employment field. In addition, a large number of women entering the labor market definitely promoted American women＇s social and family status, challenged their traditional value of love, matrimony and family, and propelled their transition to the modem American women.