西双版纳傣族丧葬中的仪式性财富

The Ritual Wealth in the Funeral of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna

东南亚山地社会中的"仪式性财富"一直是人类学关注的问题。本文在长期参与观察的基础上,从仪式性财富的角度诠释了西双版纳傣族丧葬文化,质疑了傣族"薄葬"的传统观点,为全面理解傣族丧葬文化提供了一种新的解读。完整的傣族丧葬应该由献祭安葬和赕佛追祭两个仪式环节组成,丧葬中的仪式性财富可主要分为亡人独有的财富,具有灵性并能在亡人与生者间交换的财富,以及赕给亡人却能为生者积累功德的财富等三类,在傣族社会文化中具有重要意义。

The ritual wealth in the mountain societies of Southeast Asia has been an important topic in anthropological studies.Based on the participant observation on a funeral in a community of the Dai People in Xishuangbanna,this article interprets the funeral culture of the Dai people from the angle of the ritual wealth,and criticizes the traditional viewpoint which means Dai's 'light costs of the funeral',thus refreshes the understanding of Dai's funeral.The author regards that a completed Dai funeral consists of two ritual steps which are burial and memorial worship.There are three main types of the ritual wealth in the Dai society which highlights Dai's culture:the wealth object which only belongs to the dead person,the wealth object which can be exchanged between the dead and the living,and the wealth object which is offered to the died person but can be as a reward to the people alive.