明初撒里畏兀儿设卫考

The Structure of Sarig Uigur in the Early Ming Dynasty

明洪武初,撒里畏兀儿降明。明朝将其分为四部,设为安定卫等几个羁縻卫。目前,学界正根据各卫与各部的对应关系,判断撒里畏兀儿内部的族群划分状况,而对究竟为撒里畏兀儿设立了哪几个卫,各卫如何对应各部,认识仍存疑点。本文重新解读《明实录》对卫所设置的记载,结合明初俞本《纪事录》中的重要记载,提出了新的看法:明初撒里畏兀儿既非《明实录》记载的设安定、阿端两卫,也非现代学界认为的设安定、阿端、曲先三卫,而是设为安定斡端、曲先答林两卫,分别对应阿真、阿端两部和苦先、帖里两部。这个结论说明,现代裕固族的祖先撒里畏兀儿,在明初分为源自于阗和库车的两大系统。

Sarig Uigur(Sa-li Wei-wu-er,撒里畏兀儿) was divided into several titular guards(Ji-mi Wei,羁縻卫) by the Ming Dynasty in the late 14th century.The structure of Sarig Uigur has been estimated with the records on three guards and four tribes in Ming Memoirs(Ming-shi-lu,明实录),while there is no final conclusion on the number of guards and the interpretation of relevant records.An interpretation on the above records and Records of Events(Ji-shi-lu,纪事录) written by Yu Ben(俞本),who was a knowledgeable soldier serving in He-zhou(河州) in the early Ming Dynasty,leads to a new point of view:Sarig Uigur was neither divided into three guards nor constructed by four parallel tribes,but divided into two guards consisting of two tribes respectively in the early Ming.This structure might be helpful for comprehending the dichotomy of Sarig Uigur in the early Ming Dynasty,which is the ancestor of present Yugur(裕固).