中国农村义务教育供给机制变革及其效应分析--基于“悬浮型”有益品的视角

Evolution of Supply Mechanism for Rural Compulsory Education and Its Effect Analysis——Based on Perspective of "Suspending" Merit Goods

分税制改革以来,随着财力在政府内部逐级集中,我国农村义务教育供给机制发生了集权取向的持续改革。然而,集权取向的改革是一把"双刃剑",在保证农村义务教育经费稳定供给和减轻农民直接负担的同时,也造成了农村义务教育之于乡村社会的"悬浮"以及相应的治理机制失衡,最终可能引致供给主体单方面意愿和目标的踏空。最近发生的包括"校车事件"在内的一系列事件表明,这种"悬浮型"有益品的供给模式和发展逻辑需要进行深刻的反思和转型。

Since the tax-sharing system reform,with the fiscal centralization within the government,the continuous reform with centralization tendency happens to the supply mechanism of China's rural compulsory education.However,the reform of centralization tendency is a 'double-edged sword'.It not only ensures a stable funding supply and reduces the direct burden on the farmers,but also causes suspending supply of compulsory education as to rural society and corresponding governance imbalance,and may eventually lead to the government goals unachievable.Recent events including school bus accidents indicate that the suspending supply mode and development logic need serious reflections and transformation.