高羊茅抗逆无性系的选择和其子一代在上海的草坪特性鉴定

Selection of Stress-Tolerant Clones in Tall Fescue and Evaluation of Turf Performance of the First Generation Progenies of the Clones in Shanghai

为了提高高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb)的综合抗性和草坪质量,开展了高羊茅选择育种。2006年3月至2009年11月,在人工接种褐斑病菌、夏季人工涝害胁迫、以及在上海与江苏阜宁两地夏季与冬季自然逆境条件胁迫下,从17个高羊茅品种(系)的单株圃和小区约51万株单株中,筛选到11个(TF01、TF02、…、TF11)越夏性强和8个(TF31、TF32、…、TF38)越冬性强的单株建立无性系。2009年11月至2011年5月,对17个优良无性系的子一代和19个引进的品种与自育的老品系等对照材料在上海田间条件下进行了草坪特性鉴定。试验结果表明子一代草坪草综合抗性较强,草坪质量较好的排名前2位的材料为从"Plantation"中选得的"TF06"和从"TripleA"商品组合中选得的"TF34"。"TF06"子一代的夏季草坪草死亡率低,次年仲春恢复生长后盖度达93%,具有中等生长速度和叶片质地,且叶色为特有的灰绿色;而"TF34"子一代草坪草越冬性和越夏性均强,恢复生长后的草坪草盖度为85%,具有较慢的生长速度、较细腻的叶片质地和深绿色的叶色。除了上述2个突出的无性系子一代外,"TF05"和"TF36"等的综合表现良好,排名前10。这4个表现突出的无性系可供大面积扩繁种子用以推广示范,也可用以配制高羊茅新组合。研究表明选择优良无性系和筛选优良子一代建坪的高羊茅育种方法是有效的。

Newly continued screening progress was made from old germplasms to develop tall rescue （Festuca arundinacea Schreb） turf-grass cultivars with improved overall competitive nature and turf quality. Eleven clones （TF01, TF02,…,TFll） resistant to summer-stress and 8 clones （TF31, TF32, …, TF38） resistant to winter-stress were selected from about 510 thousands initial single plants of 17 germplasms in spaced-plant and turf trial plots under one isolate of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, the casual natural and artificial stresses of spring inoculation of fungus of brown patch disease, and summer water logging between March 2006 and November 2009. A field trial to evaluate turf quality of the maternal progenies of 17 newly selected clones was implemented in Shanghai between November 2009 and May 2011,in which 19 imported cultivars and self-bred old lines were also tested as controls. Results showed that the maternal progenies of Clone ＇TF06＇ selected from ＂Plantation＇ and ＂TF34＇ from ＂Triple A＇ were the top two lines with improved overall competitive nature and turf quality. Turf-grass of ＇TF06＇ progeny displayed less damage in summer,highest reliving coverage （93%） in next spring,medium grow habit and leaf texture,and a special grey-green leaf color, while ＇TF34＇ exhibited better tolerance to both summer and winter stresses with 85% reliving coverage in next spring, lower grow habit, finer leaf texture and darker green leaf color. In addition to the two prominent clonal progeny, the first generation progenies of ＇TF05＇ and ＇TF36＇ were ranked top 10 due to better overall turf qualities. These four clones would be deserved propagating vegetative to produce seed for turf demonstration on public greens and also could be utilized to develop new synthetic selections in further breeding program. It is inferred that clone selection combined with its first generation progeny screen for good turf quality is an effective approach for tall rescue turf-grass breeding.