一年生甘草生长特性、甘草酸含量的地理变异及其生态学机制的初步研究

Geographic variation and ecological mechanism of growth characteristics and glycyrrhizin content of annual Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae)

目的研究甘草生长特性和甘草酸含量的地理变异格局,探讨其地理变异格局形成的生态学机制,为甘草优质高产栽培生产实践中的产地选择和种子调拨奠定基础。方法采用盆栽法布置试验,烘干法测定生物量,HPLC法测定甘草酸含量。结果①株高、小叶宽、顶叶长和地上部分生物量随纬度增加(自南向北)而减小;小叶数、芦头直径、侧根粗度随着经度的增加(自西向东)而减小,甘草酸含量随着经度的增加而升高。②小叶长、小叶宽、顶叶长、顶叶宽、总生物量和地上部分生物量与年均温等温度因子呈显著正相关(P<0.05);株高与各月日照时数和日照百分率呈显著正相关(P<0.05);甘草酸含量与年降水量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论甘草在一年生阶段,生长特性和甘草酸含量存在显著的地理变异,地理变异的形成与种源适应该产地的生态环境有关。

Objective To study the growth characteristics of annual Gancao （Radix Glycyrrhizae） and geographic variation pattern of glycyrrhizin content, discuss the ecological mechanism of the formation of this geographic variation pattern, and provide a foundation for locality selection and allocation of seeds in the practice of Gancao cultivation with high quality and yield. Methods The method of pot culture was used in the test. The biomass was detected by using oven drying method and the content of glycyrrhizin was detected by applying HPLC. Results （1）The plant height, leaflet width, parietal leaf length and biomass of aerial parts tended to decrease as latitude increased （from south to north）, and the number of leaflet, diameter of subterranean stem and lateral root diameter tended to decreased as longitude increased （from west to east）. The content of glycyrrhizin increased as longitude increased. （2）The leaflet length, leaflet width, parietal leaf length, parietal leaf width, total biomass and biomass of aerial parts were positively correlated to annual averaged temperature （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The plant height was positively correlated to sunshine duration and percentage of sunshine in each month （P 〈 0.05 ）. The content of glycyrrhizin was positively correlated to annual precipitation （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The growth characteristics of Gancao and glycyrrhizin content show a significant geographic variation in annual stage, and the formation of the variation is related to the ecological environment in which the seed provenance adapts the place of origin.