大亚湾和大鹏湾麻痹性贝类毒素动态分析

Paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish from Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay

于 1 997～ 1 999年在大亚湾和大鹏湾的主要贝类养殖区设立了四个采样点 ,以华贵栉孔扇贝和翡翠贻贝为对象逐月采样 ,用美国分析化学家协会推荐的生物测定法进行麻痹性贝类毒素测定。结果显示 ,1 999年 1月～ 1 999年 6月大亚湾东山海域的扇贝消化腺毒素含量为 1 2 63～ 1 0 5Mu/g ,剔除消化腺后的其他软组织毒素含量为 1 3 4至低于 1 7Mu/g ,消化腺和其他软组织毒素含量的加权平均值为 7 7～ 1 1 7Mu/g ,高于联合国粮农组织制定的贝类安全食用标准的限定值 4Mu/g ,尤其是 1月份 ,超过限定值近 30倍。同期该样点的贻贝消化腺毒素含量为 0～ 567Mu/g ,剔除消化腺后的其他软组织毒素含量为 0～ 1 4 2Mu/g ,消化腺和其他软组织毒素含量的加权平均值为 0～ 72 8Mu/g ,仅在 1月份贻贝毒素含量超标。总体上贝毒含量表现为由冬春季高峰期逐月波动下降的趋势。大亚湾澳头海域的两种贝类毒素含量都不高 ,扇贝长期含有较低的毒素 ,贻贝在大部分时间内不含毒素 ,仅在 1 998年 5月间 ,出现一低于 3 5Mu/g的高峰期。大鹏湾南澳海域的两种贝类毒素含量不高 ,贻贝毒素含量均低于生物测定法极限值 ,而扇贝消化腺毒素含量仅 1 998～ 1 999年冬季略有超标。本文还就麻痹性贝毒的分布与贝类种类、时空间的关系进行?

The paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxicity levels of scallop Chlamys nobilis and blue mussel Perna viridis , which were collected monthly from four shellfish growing zones in Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay from 1997 to 1999, were determined with the AOAC bioassay method. The results showed that PSP was accumulated in the different levels in the two species and four zones. High toxins levels have been detected in scallop samples from Dongshan station in Daya Bay, from 1 263 to 105 Mu/g tissue for ingest gland, and from 13 4 to 1 7 Mu/g tissue for whole tissue excluded ingest gland, and the levels of whole tissue were from 117 to 7 7 Mu/g tissues during Jan. to Jun. of 1999, the toxin levels of whole samples extremely exceeded the public health safety threshold, but the levels of blue mussel samples from the same station were much less than scallop, from 567 to 1 7 Mu/g tissue and from 14 2 Mu/g tissue to undetected for ingest gland and whole tissue excluded former respectively, the levels of whole tissue were from 72 8 Mu/g to undetectable and the level was only beyond the threshold in Jan. The levels gradually decreased monthly since winter spring season. In Aotao, another samples station in Daya Bay, the levels of two shellfish species were lower than the threshold and undetected for the most mussel samples. The toxins reached maximum levels at the station during May 1998. The low toxin levels were also detected in the shellfish cultured in Dapeng Bay, however toxins have persisted at lower, still exceeding the threshold, in some scallop ingest gland samples, the relationship among the toxin levels and shellfish species, oceanography, seasonal change was discussed.