1Saugel B, Holzapfel K, Stollfuss J,et al. Computed tomography to estimate cardiac preload and extravascular lung water. A retrospec- tive analysis in critically ill patients [ J ]. Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 2011,23(19):31.
2Michard F,Maya S, Zarka V, et al. Global end-diastolic volume as an indicator of cardiac preload in patients with septic shock [ J ]. Chest, 2003,124(5) : 1900 - 1908.
4Van Lieshout, Harms M,Pott F,et al. Stroke volume of the heart and thoracic fluid content during head-up and head-down tilt in humans [ J ]. Ancta Anaesthesiologica Scandin-avica, 2005,49 ( 9 ) : 1287 - 1292.
5Harald PK, Marcus S, Dierk R, et al. High-resolution transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiograpy quantitation of cardiac volumes and function using semi-automatic border detection and com- parison with cardiacmagnetic resonacnce imaging[ J]. J Am Coil Car- dio ,2004,43 ( 11 ) : 2083.
6Lopez-Herce A,Sancho L. Cardiac output and blood volume parame- ters using femoral arterial thermodilution [ J ]. Pediatr Int, 2009,13 (2):59.
7Galstian GM, Bychinin MV, Gorodetskit VM, et al. Assessment of cardiac output and intrathoracic blood volume by means of transpul- monary thermodilution and ultrasound dilution: similarities and differences [ J ]. Anesteziol Reanimatol. 2011, (3) : 48 - 53.
10Oshima K, Kunimoto F, Hinohara H. The evaluation of hemodynamics in post thoracic csophagectomy patients[ J], Hepatogastroenterology, 2008,55 (85) : 1338 - 1341.
