军堡中的里坊制——一项建筑社会学的比较研究

Lifang System in Fortress——A Study of Comparative Analysis of Architectural Sociology

里坊不仅存在于古代城市和乡村聚落,而且被移植进明代长城边防军事堡寨中。经过大量实地踏勘,发现以军事建制为主的明代边防地区修建了上千个军事聚落,遗存至今保存较完整的也有上百个,里坊居住模式也普遍存在着,居住形态表现在建筑学和社会学两个层面。通过对明长城军堡与里坊制在社会学和建筑学两层面的比较,可以得出结论:军堡与里坊均是集防御与居住于一体的聚落,军堡与里坊实际上是同一种聚落形态的不同表达方式,以至军堡与里坊具有建筑学层面和社会学层面的一致性。

Lifang system exists not only in cities and villages but also in the military settlements. After a lot of on - the - spot survey, it was found that there were thousands of fortresses in the frontier areas in the Ming Dynasty, and up to now, there exist hundreds of fortresses well - preserved, and Lifang residential pat- terns is generally present in fortresses. Residential morphology expresses both in architecture level and sociolo- gy level. By comparatively analyzing the fortress and leafing, this paper puts forward that the fortress and lea- fing are the villages which combine defense with living; the fortress and lifang are various expression of the same settlement pattern and the fortress and lifang are coherent in the architecture level and sociology level.