儿童青少年常年性变应性鼻炎的流行现状

An epidemiological survey on perennial allergic rhinitis among children and juveniles

目的为观察儿童青少年常年性变应性鼻炎的流行现状，自1995年起对江苏省大、中、小学学生进行流行病学调查。方法调查方法包括问卷调查、鼻腔检查及变应原（屋尘、尘螨）皮肤划痕试验。结果屋尘、尘螨的致敏率分别为22．9％和28．8％，两种变应原同时致敏占19．1％，至少一种致敏占32·6％，变应原致敏率随年龄增长而上升（P＜0．001）；变应性鼻炎患病率为1．8％，各年龄组间无统计学差异（P＞0．05），男、女患病率相同。结论认为临床上应重视对儿童青少年屋尘和尘螨常年性变应性鼻炎的防治，而环境性预防是抑制其发病的重要手段。

Objective To study the prevalence of perennial allergic rhinitis among children and juveniles, an epidemiological survey has been performed among the students of prlmary, middle schools and University Method Uniform methods includingquestionnaire investigation, nasal inspection and allergen extracts skin scratch test were used in the survey. Result The positive rates of house dust and D. farinae were 22. 9% and 28. 8% respectively, whlle 19. 1 % were sensitive to both allergrns and 32. 6% to at least one allergen. The sensitive rate increased with age (P＞0.01). The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis was 1. 8% with no differences in different age groups (P＞0.05). No difference was found in the sex ratio- Conclusion The authors claim that more attentions should be paid to the Prevention of house dust and mite allergic rhinitis among children and juvenile, The environmental prevention is the key method in the inhibition of the incidence.[