糖尿病早期视网膜神经损害及其机制

Retinal neural impairment and its pathogenesis in early diabetes

糖尿病视网膜病变是引起视觉损害的重要原因，研究发现糖尿病患者和动物模型在出现血管病变之前，已有视网膜神经损害的发生。早期发现病变并进行相应治疗，对于保护糖尿病患者的视功能具有重要意义。糖尿病早期神经损害的机制复杂，氧化损伤、晚期糖基化终末产物、谷氨酸兴奋毒性作用、炎症等机制均与之相关，本文对糖尿病早期视网膜神经损害及其机制的研究做一综述。

Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of visual impairment. In recent years, some studies showed that the damage of retinal neurons can be detected earlier than microangiopathy in diabetic patients and animal models as well. Detect and treat retinal lesions at an early stage are essential for protecting pa-tients＇ visual functions. The pathogenesis of retinal neuron lesions is complex. Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, glutamate excitotoxicty, and inflammation all involved in the disease. In this paper, we reviewed the retinal neuron damage in early diabetes and its pathogenesis.