青少年法律服从意识的测量

Preliminary Studies on Adolescents' Legal Consciousness

特定的成长阶段与特殊的心理特点决定了青少年有独特的法律意识。研究发现,多数青少年或多或少曾出现过违法行为;青少年服从法律既有工具性的现实利益考虑,也有内规范价值取向的原因:相比较法律的惩罚性后果,同辈评价对青少年法律行为的影响更为显著;青少年的法律服从意识多源于个人的道德判断而非对法律体系的认同;青少年的法律服从更多源于对法律机构的崇拜情结,而不是责任意识。因此,为增强青少年法制教育的实效性,促进其守法行为,必须从他们法律心理的特点入手,重视法律行为的强化,突出价值观的塑造,将同辈压力当作有效资源。

Adolescents have their unique legal consciousness according to the special growing stage and psychological characteristics. Based on data from a survey of adolescents in Shanghai in 2012, this paper found that： nearly eighty percent of adolescents have broken the law more or less; the reasons why the adolescents obey the law include the instrumental perspective and the normative perspective; it is the peer＇s opinion not the punishments of the law that has significant effect on adolescents＂ legal action; the individual＇s moral judgment has greater influence than their identification of legal system and the worship complex of legal institutions also has more effect than the duty consciousness. Therefore, in order to enhance the legal awareness and actions of the young people effectively, legal education must be carried out following their inherent characteristics, paying more attention to the value, law action and peer pressure.