略论比较自觉——关于比较教育方法论的一项省思

Discussion about the Comparative Self-consciousness——A Reflection of Comparative Education Methodology

一切研究都是比较研究,但显性比较研究才是真正意义上的比较研究。观念论意义上的显性比较存有无可回避的悖论,只有唤醒比较情境,实现从中西文化之别到文化间性的转变,显性比较才得以可能。比较自觉试图超越于"超验"和"经验"两类意义上的比较,以历史累积的认知图式和往来于文化间人们的直接、间接经验的相互改造为支撑,建构中层理论意义上的比较。要实现比较自觉,研究者需要从明确方向、巩固经验、吸取教训、坚定方法以及体认途径五个方面着力。

All research is comparative research, but only the explicit comparative research is the comparative research in its true sense. The explicit comparative study in the sense of concept theory has an inevitable paradox. Only if comparative situation is awaken and the transformation from cultural difference between China and the West to the interculture is achieved, can the explicit study be possible. The comparative self-consciousness tries to overstep ＂transcendentalism＂ and experience comparison, so as to construct comparison in the sense of middle-range theory. It is supported by the cognitive schema of historical accumulation and mutual transformation of direct and indirect experience through cultural exchanges. If we want to achieve the comparative self-consciousness, defining direction, consolidating experience, absorbing lessons, insisting on methods and realizing approaches are five aspects for which we need to pay a great effort.