美日住房权保障经验及对我国的启示

Protection of the Housing Right in the United States and Japan:Revelations for China

住房权是联合国规定的重要的公民权利,是基本人权。我国1997年签署并于2001年加入《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》,承诺为实现公民的住房权而努力。而迄今为止,并没有制定一部有关住房权保障方面的法律,近年来由于房价的攀升和全国人大将《住房保障法》列为立法规划之一,引起学界对住房权、住房权保障问题的热议。美日两国的经验教训表明,公民住房权的实现,仅仅依据公民的自我努力是不够的,要使我国公民的住房权真正实现,就要借鉴发达国家的经验和教训,在承担国际义务的前提下根据我国的国情,将政府保障公民住房权的义务上升为法律义务,通过法律保障措施来明确国家责任、政府责任,只有将两者紧密结合,才能促进公民实现住房权。

The right of housing is an important and basic right of the United Nations civil rights. Our country signed Internation- al Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights in 1997, joined in 2001, and committed to fulfill the housing right of citi- zens. But till now, we have not developed any laws about housing right protection. Because of house prices rising and as one of the legislative plan of National Peoplet Congress in recent years, scholars pay more attention to housing rights. Experiences and lessons of the United States and Japan show that the fulfillment of housing rights by the effort of citizen＇s - self is not enough, we must learn from developed countries, take responsibility of international obligations in accordance with China＇s national condi- tions. And we must improve the obligation of the government to protect citizens＇ housing right into legal obligations, and deter- mine responsibilities of state and government by laws. By those two ways, we can promote citizens＇housing right. In this paper, we will analyze the case law system of the United States and statutory law system of Japan and discuss the way to protect the housing right of our citizens.