中国慈善组织公信力缺失的制度原因探究

Exploration of Institutional Reasons for the Lack of Public Credibility of China's Charitable Organizations

"郭美美事件"在社会上引起轩然大波,公众的问责直指以中国红十字会为首的慈善组织。一系列应对措施并未挽回信任,反而使慈善组织集体面对捐款额锐减的尴尬局面,凸显出中国慈善组织公信力的缺失。本文从制度层面对造成这一现状的原因进行探究。首先以中国红十字会为例,通过对其组织架构的考察揭示政府对慈善组织实施控制的普遍情况;进而推测,政府与慈善组织之间的制度关系是造成慈善组织公信力缺失的不可忽视的原因。之后从准入门槛、权责关系、监督机制三个角度,对慈善组织公信力缺失这一现状做出制度层面的解释。结果证实了之前的推测,并得出结论:政府与慈善组织之间的制度关系是造成其公信力缺失的重要原因。最后从实际出发,简要提出了三条有针对性的建议。

The Guo Meimei incident caused a great disturbance in the society, which made the charitable organ-izations such as Red Cross Society of China highly questioned by the public. A series of actions did not help win- ning their credit back, and on the contrary, China＇ s charitable organizations, as a whole, had to face the em- barrassing situation of donation reduction. This paper aims to explore the institutional reasons for this phenome- non. Firstly, taking Red Cross Society of China as an example, through investigating its organization structure, this paper reveals that China＇ s charitable organizations are generally regulated by the government, based on which, a hypothesis is made that the institutional relation between charitable organizations and the government can be the main reason for the lack of public credibility. Afterwards, this paper tries to analyze this embarrassing situation respectively from three perspectives entry barrier, authority-responsibility relation and supervision mechanism, and the result complies with former hypothesis. The conclusion is that the institutional relation be- tween government and charitable organizations is one important reason for the lack of public credibility. Finally, this paper gives three suggestions.