不同熟期马铃薯对覆膜的反应

EFFECTS OF PLASTIC MULCH ON DIFFERENT POTATO CULTIVARS

研究了漫灌模式下覆膜对早熟马铃薯Favorita(F)和晚熟马铃薯克新1号(K1)生长、水分利用与产量建成的影响。结果表明:覆膜提早了2马铃薯品种出苗、现蕾等主要生育进程,促进了K1块茎膨大期之前以及F全生育期内干物质累积;F和K1覆膜处理下水分利用率比传统露地栽培分别提高106.6%和69.6%;F覆膜处理下N、P2O5、K2O偏生产力比露地栽培分别提高30.45kg.kg-1、91.35 kg.kg-1、45.68 kg.kg-1,而K1覆膜处理下肥料偏生产力与露地栽培无显著差异;提高F覆膜处理下产量比露地栽培提高27.84%,而K1覆膜处理下产量与露地栽培无显著差异;覆膜处理提高了F单株结薯重,却降低了K1大薯率,提高了小薯率和单株结薯数(P<0.05)。因此,F马铃薯覆膜栽培为漫灌地区适宜的节水高效种植模式,而K1马铃薯在漫灌地区露地栽培具有较好的产量构成性状。

Effects of plastic mulch on potatoes’ growth,water use efficiency,and yield of early-matured cultivar Favorita（F） and the late-matured cultivar KeXinNo.1（K1） under furrow irrigation pattern were studied.Comparing the traditional culture in the open,plastic mulch treatment advanced the emerging dates and squaring dates of these two cultivars,and enhanced F’s dry matter accumulation during the whole growth season,while promoted that of K1 only before tuber bulking stage.The water use efficiency with plastic mulch treatments on F and K1 were increased by 106.6% and 69.6% compared with those of the respective traditional culture in the open.The N,P2O5,K2O partial factor productivities of plastic mulch treatment on F were improved by 30.45kg·kg-1,91.35 kg·kg-1,45.68 kg·kg-1 respectively compared with that of the traditional culture in the open,while different treatments on K1 didn’t differ remarkably.The yield of plastic mulch treatment on F was increased by 27.84% compared with that of the traditional culture in the open,while different treatments on K1 didn’t differ remarkably.The tuber yield per plant of F under plastic mulch treatment was increased,however,the K1 jumbo tuber ratio was reduced,while the K1 mini tuber ratio and tuber number per plant were enhanced.It was concluded that in flooding irrigation areas,plastic mulch treatment on F was the feasible planting pattern for water saving and high efficiency,and K1 with the traditional culture in the open had the better yield component traits compared with that of plastic mulch treatment.