两岸三地公共场所禁烟立法的比较与借鉴

Legislation Comparison and Reference of Smoke-Free in Public Place in the mainland,Hong Kong and Taiwan

吸烟者的吸烟自由与被动吸烟者的生命健康权存在冲突,家庭等私人机制对于出现在非公共场所中相关矛盾可予以妥善处理,但是对于公共场所中发生的相关矛盾则应当诉诸公权力的干预。各国及地区已经普遍地建立公共场所禁烟制度,台湾、香港的相关立法堪为大陆立法借鉴。比较两岸三地立法,公共场所的界定是控烟的关键,管理体制的建立是控烟的重要保障,处罚机制的设计是控烟有效实施的基础。

The freedom of smoking conflicts with passive smokers＇ rights of life and health. The conflicts occurred in non- public places can be properly resolved through private mechanism; however, in public places it should resort to public authority intervention. Smoking bans in public places have already introduced all over the world, and the legislation of Taiwan and Hong Kong are worthy to use for reference to China mainland. The comparative study on legislation of the three places suggests that the definition of public place is critical to tobacco control, the establishment of management system is an important guarantee and the design of accountability mechanism is the base to implement tobacco control effectively.