焦作市中小学教师职业紧张状况及其影响因素

Occupational stress and its influencing factors among teachers in primary and secondary schools of Jiaozu City

目的了解焦作市中小学教师职业紧张状况并分析主要影响因素,为采取有效干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,对604名中小学教师进行职业紧张状况调查,将结果录入数据库并进行统计学分析。结果男教师职业任务、个体紧张反应和应对资源得分较女教师高。30～39岁与40～49岁教师职业任务过重,30～39岁个体紧张反应得分最高。50岁以上的教师个体应对资源较充足。学历高、职称高的教师职业任务过重,应对资源得分较高。班主任和毕业班的教师职业任务更多,紧张反应更强,应对资源相对较少。个体紧张反应问卷总分和业务紧张反应由强到弱依次为村级、乡级、区级、市级。市级学校的教师个体应对资源得分最高。个体紧张反应的影响因素主要有年级、学校级别、职业任务过重、任务界限、责任感、工作环境和理性处事。结论焦作市中小学教师存在不同程度的职业紧张问题,应通过减少教师职业任务,改善工作条件和提高个人应对资源的方法来预防和控制。

[Objective]To investigate and analyze the occupational stress and its major influencing factors among teachers in primary and secondary schools of Jiaozuo City,and provide evidence for adopting effective interventions.[Methods]An occupational stress survey was performed on 604 teachers in primary and secondary schools with multi-stage random sampling method.The results were formed a database for statistical analysis.[Results] Male teachers scored higher than female teachers for professional tasks,individual stress response and personal coping resources.The 30-39 years age groups and the 40-49 years age groups scored higher on professional tasks.The 30-39 years old age groups scored highest on individual stress response.Occupation personal coping resources of teachers over 50 years were ample.Highly educated and highly titles group scored higher in professional tasks and coping resources.The graduating class teachers had more occupational stress tasks,stronger stress response and less coping resources.The personal stress reaction and operational stress response from strong to weak were village level,township level,district level and city level.Municipal school teachers＇ coping resource got the highest score.The personal stress reaction was mainly affected by grade,school level,occupational tasks overload,task boundaries,sense of responsibility,work environment and rational way.[Conclusion]Stress problem of different degrees exist in primary and secondary school teachers in Jiaozuo City.It is necessary to reduce the teacher occupational tasks,improve working conditions and enhance the personal coping resources for prevention and control.