云南省宁洱县“十一五”期间农村饮水安全工程水质监测分析

Monitoring and analysis on water quality of rural drinking water safety project during 11th five-year plan period in Ning'er County of Yunnan

目的掌握宁洱县"十一五"期间建成的农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况,为项目选择安全水源及水处理方式预防控制水性疾病的发生提供科学依据。方法按照《云南省"十一五"期间农村已建集中式供水单位水质卫生监测技术方案》进行实施。结果 4年共监测工程62个,枯丰水期各检测水样248个,枯水期合格124个,合格率50.00%;丰水期合格83个,合格率33.47%。浑浊度枯丰水期合格率分别是96.37%和73.39%;大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群枯丰水期合格率分别是50.00%和33.47%,枯丰水期水质监测中以上指标合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。砷、氟化物枯丰水期合格率均为100%。结论宁洱农村水质合格率低。微生物指标是影响水质合格率的主要因素,尚未受毒理指标污染。说明此项目工程仅仅解决了农村缺水的问题,未能达到真正卫生学意义上的"安全饮水"的标准。

[Objective]To know the sanitary condition of water quality of rural drinking water safety projects which were built up during 11th five-year plan period in Ning＇er County,provide scientific basis for choosing the safe water source and water treatment methods,as well as controlling the water borne diseases.[Methods]The study was conducted according to the Yunnan technical scheme for water quality sanitary monitoring of rural centralized water supply system during 11th five-year plan period.[Results]A total of 62 projects were monitored in 4 years.Each 248 water samples were tested in dry season and flood season respectively,and 124 samples in dry season were qualified with the qualified rate of 50.00%,83 samples in flood season were qualified with the qualified rate of 33.47%.The qualified rate of turbidity in dry season and flood season was 96.37% and 73.39% respectively.The qualified rate of the coliform group and the thermotolerant coliform group in dry season and flood season was 50.00% and 33.47% respectively.There were significant differences in qualified rates of these items between dry season and flood season（P0.01）.The qualified rates of arsenic and fluoride in dry season and flood season were 100%.[Conclusion]The qualified rate of water quality in the rural area of Ning＇er County is low.The microorganism items are the main factors which influence the qualified rate of water quality,and there is no pollution caused by toxicological items.It indicated that although the projects have solved the water shortage in the rural area,they have not reached the hygienic standard of safe drinking water.