甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种对其暴发疫情的影响

Effect of influenza A(H1N1) vaccine against influenza outbreak

目的了解甲型H1N1流感(甲流)疫苗接种后对甲流暴发疫情的影响。方法对2011年4—5月发生在学校的1起甲流暴发疫情进行流行病学描述性分析,用回顾性队列研究的方法分析甲流疫苗接种对该起暴发疫情的影响。结果该校542名师生中191人患病,罹患率为35.24%,发病时间主要集中在4月19—25日,发病人群主要为1～6年级的小学生(χ2=9.972,P<0.01),住校生发病高于非住校生,112名接种过甲流疫苗的师生发病率为16.96%,明显低于未接种疫苗的师生(40%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.661,P<0.05),OR=0.306(95%CI∶0.180～0.521)。结论接种甲流疫苗可以有效预防甲型H1N1流感的发生,减少暴发疫情的发病率。

[Objective]To understand the effect of influenza A（H1N1） vaccine against influenza A outbreak.[Methods]An outbreak of influenza A occurred in a school from April to March 2011 was studied by the epidemiological descriptive analysis,and the effect of influenza A（H1N1） vaccine on this outbreak was analyzed by the retrospective cohort study.[Results]Among 542 students and teachers in this school,there were 191 patients with the attack rate of 35.24%.Most of cases occurred from 19 to 25 April,and patients were mainly pupils in grades 1-6（χ2=9.972,P〈0.01）.The attack rate of resident students was higher than that of non-resident students.The incidence rate of 112 students and teachers who had received influenza A vaccine was 16.96%,which was lower than that of students and teachers who had not received vaccine（40%）,and the difference was significant（χ2=20.661,P〈0.05;OR=0.306,95% CI was 0.180~0.521）.[Conclusion]The influenza A vaccine can effectively prevent influenza A（H1N1）,and reduce the incidence of outbreak.