铜川市三里洞煤矸石堆积地风化土壤重金属污染及植物富集特征

Heavy Metal Contamination of Weathered Soil and Enrichment Characteristics of Plants at Sanlidong Coal Gangue Site in Tongchuan City

研究煤矿矸石地的土壤污染及植物对有毒元素的吸收可为污染治理和植被恢复提供科学依据。对铜川市三里洞煤矸石堆积地土壤污染和草本植物中重金属含量进行了研究。运用地质累积指数法和综合富集系数分别对土壤污染和草本植物富集重金属元素的能力进行了分析评价。结果表明,该区土壤中和草本植物中Cu,Cd,Zn,Mn,Ni,Pb,Cr元素均明显高于背景值;草本植物中Cu,Cd,Ni元素超出正常范围。土壤中重金属元素Cd为强度污染,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr元素为轻度污染。不同植物中小飞蓬、铁杆蒿和野艾蒿对重金属元素的富集能力最强,其次为猪毛蒿和曼陀罗,狗牙根最差。

Research on soil contamination and plant absorption of toxic elements at coal gangue site can provide a scientific basis for pollution control and vegetation restoration.Soil pollution and heavy metal content in herbaceous plants are studied at Sanlidong coal gangue site in Tongchuan City.Moreover,soil pollution and the enrichment capacity of heavy metals in herbaceous species are analyzed and evaluated using geo-accumulation index and complex accumulation coefficient.Results show that all the elements of Cu,Cd,Zn,Mn,Ni,Pb and Cr in both of the soil and plants obviously exceed their background values and the Cu,Cd and Ni elements in herbaceous species are beyond their normal range.Heavy metal element Cd in soil is in the most serious pollution grade and the elements of Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb and Cr are in the slight pollution grade.For the different plants,the heavy metal enrichment capacities of Conyza canadensis（L.） Cronq.,Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb.and Artemisia lavandulaefolia D.C.are the strongest,followed by Artemisia scoparia Waldst.et Kit and Datura Stramonium Linn.The enrichment capacity of Cynodon dactylon（Linn.）Pers.is the worst.