当前美日两国在改善对缅关系上的合作与竞争

Cooperation and Competition Between the U.S. and Japan in their Bid for Improving their Ties with Myanmar after its New Government Was Formed

2011年缅甸民选政府取代军人政府执政后，美日两国的对缅政策都有了明显的变化。美国对缅出台“务实接触”政策，既有缅甸国内政治生态发生变化的因素，更有美国需要缅甸作为其“重返东南亚”的战略支点的原因；日本则借长期以来对缅“建设性干预”政策和经济合作恢复两国间的“特殊关系”，从而确立其在东南亚的主导地位。未来美日都会更加重视两国在对缅政策上的协调与合作，但也存在一定程度的竞争，甚至在扩大各自对缅影响力方面的竞争还可能增加。

After the elected government replaced the military government and came into power in Myanmar, some obvious changes took place to the respective policies of the U.S. and Japan toward that country. By putting forward a policy of 'pragmatic engagement' with the Myanmar government, the U. S. takes account of the changes in the political ecology inside Myanmar, and the need to use the latter as a strategic pivot for its 'return to Southeast Asia'. While Japan, by taking advantage of its long-standing policy of 'constructive engagement' and economic cooperation with Myanmar, has resumed its 'special relationship', thus helping to establish its leading position in Southeast Asia. In the years to come, the two countries will pay more attention to cooperation and coordination in their dealings with Myanmar. However, a certain degree of competition between them still exists, even to the point of showing an increase as the two sides are trying to extend their influences in Myanmar.