美国科学教育发展的新阶段——作为实践的科学

The New Period of the Development of Science Education in the United States——Science as Practice

美国科学教育已经发展到了一个新阶段,即"作为实践的科学"。它的三个主要特征是社会交互性、运用科学语言、科学代表物和工具的使用。在课堂上,科学实践的种类主要包括提出问题,发展并运用模型,设计并开展探索活动,分析并解释数据,运用数学、信息和计算机技术及运用计算思维,构建解释,投入基于证据的辩论,获取、评价和交流信息等八个方面。教师应从科学过程、社会交互性、概念模型、表达与反思等方面支持学生学习"作为实践的科学"。

The new period of the development of science education in the United States is ＂science as practice＂. Social interaction,use of language of science,use of scientific representations and tools are three features of science as practice. There are eight practices in the science classrooms ： asking questions, developing and using models,planning and carrying out investigations, analyzing and interpreting data, using mathematics, information and computer technology and computing thinking, constructing explanations, engaging in argument from evidence, obtaining, evaluating and communicating information. Teachers should support students engaging in science as practice from scientific process, social interaction, conceptual models, articulation and reflection.