施肥模式对日光温室土壤铵态氮和硝态氮的影响

Effects of Fertilization Patterns on NH_4^+-N and NO_3^--N in Solar Greenhouse Soils

通过种植两茬油菜,设置7种施肥模式:有机肥施氮量600 kg/hm2;有机肥施氮量300 kg/hm2;无机肥施氮量767 kg/hm2;无机肥施氮量383 kg/hm2;有机肥施氮量450 kg/hm2,无机肥施氮量153 kg/hm2;有机肥施氮量300 kg/hm2,无机肥施氮量383 kg/hm2;有机肥施氮量150 kg/hm2,无机肥施氮量191 kg/hm2,研究了日光温室0～200 cm土壤中NH4+-N和NO3--N的迁移累积。结果表明,不同施肥模式主要影响0～40 cm土壤中NH4+-N的平均累积量和平均质量比,单施无机肥的相应值大于单施有机肥;不同施肥模式主要影响0～40 cm土壤中NO3--N的平均累积量和平均质量比,当施氮量小于383 kg/hm2时,相应值从大到小依次为:单施无机肥、单施有机肥、有机肥和无机肥配施,不同施肥模式也影响40～160 cm土壤中NO3--N的迁移累积。从地下水污染风险和产量考虑,北京农业种植区日光温室油菜种植可按照有机肥150 kg/hm2、无机肥191 kg/hm2的施肥模式进行施肥。

Over the course of two rape growing cycles,fertilization types and application rates affected plant growth and groundwater pollution from solar vegetable greenhouses in Beijing agricultural region were studied.Seven fertilization patterns were selected,and in each treatment,the NH＋4-N and NO-3-N migration and accumulation in 0～200cm solar greenhouse soil and the affect on rape yield were studied.The results showed that the different fertilization patterns mainly affected the average NH＋4-N accumulation and content in the 0～40cm soil layer.Average soil NH＋4-N accumulation and content was larger in the treatment of only chemical fertilizer than that of only organic manure.When N application rate was less than 383kg/hm2,the average soil NO-3-N accumulation and content in the 0～40cm soil layer were found to be in the following descending order： use of only chemical fertilizer,use of only organic manure,use of both organic manure and chemical fertilizer.The different fertilization patterns also affected the migration and accumulation of NO-3-N in 40～160cm soil.It is concluded that organic manure（N application 150kg/hm2） mixed with chemical fertilizer（191kg/hm2） is the best fertilization pattern for planting rape in solar greenhouses in Beijing agricultural region.