高对映选择性的有机催化的二氟烯醇硅醚与β,γ-不饱和-α-酮酸酯的不对称Mukaiyama-aldol反应

Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mukaiyama-aldol Reaction of Difluoroenoxysilanes with β,γ-Unsaturated α-Ketoesters

首次研究了二氟烯醇硅醚1与β,γ-不饱和酮酸酯2的反应.发现不论使用叔胺或叔胺-氢键给体双功能催化剂,均专一地发生Mukaiyama-aldol反应生成相应的叔醇3.利用手性氢化奎宁衍生的双功能脲催化剂11高对映选择性地实现了这一反应,为合成α-二氟烷基取代的手性叔醇提供了一种新方法.不同芳基取代的二氟烯醇硅醚以及γ位不同芳基取代的酮酸酯化合物均反应良好.在所考察的15个例子中,反应产率中等到良好(44%～81%),对映选择性中等到优秀(72%～96%).反应产物可方便转化为二氟烷基取代的手性二醇或三醇化合物.

We report the first example of catalytic asymmetric reaction of difluoroenoxysilanes 1 and β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters 2. In the presence of tertiary amine or tertiary amine-H-bonding donor bifunctional catalysts, it was found that the reaction selectively took place at the ketone moiety of ketoesters 2, and no conjugate reaction happened. Hydronquinine derived urea catalyst 11 was identified as a powerful catalyst for this Mukaiyama-aldol reaction to finnish a-difluoroalkyl substituted tertiary alcohols in good to high yield （44%-81%）, with moderate to excellent enantioselectivity （72%-96%）. The optimum reaction condition was determined to run the reaction at -40 ℃ using THF as the solvent, in the presence of 10 mol% of chiral catalyst 11. The reaction possibly proceeded via the dual activation of both reaction partners： the tertiary amine moiety of catalyst 11 working as a Lewis base to activate difluoroenoxysilanes 1, while the urea part of the catalyst as a Bronsted acid to activate carbonyl group of ketoesters 2. Different aryl substituted difluoroenoxysilanes 1 and ）,-aryl substi- tuted β,γ-unsaturated a-ketoesters 2 all worked well under the established reaction condition, with 15 examples provided. The thus obtained chiral α-difluoroalkyl substituted tertiary alcohols were not only valuable in the medicinal research, but also versatile building blocks for the synthesis of a variety of difluoroalkyl-substituted chiral compounds. For example, the selec- tive reduction of the ketone or ester group of product 3g has been realized by using NaBH4 or Et3SiH as the reducing agents, giving the triol 14 or diol 15 in moderate yield without the loss ofee.