如何看待美国的软实力

An Analysis of U.S.Soft Power

约瑟夫·奈1990年提出"软实力"的概念是旨在回应盛行其时的"美国衰落论"。近年来,随着世界上反美情绪的日益高涨,又出现了"美国软实力衰落论"。实际上,美国软实力的各个组成部分,如美国在科技、教育、人口方面的竞争力,以及在思想、规范和制度安排方面的影响力,均未衰落。真正影响美国软实力的因素是美国民众的情绪和国内分歧。

Joseph Nye first developed the concept of 'soft power' in 1990 in response to a popular belief that the American power was in decline.Nye argued that the United States was still the strongest nation not only in military and economic power,but also in a third dimension of the soft power,which rested primarily on three sources:its culture,its political values and its foreign policy.In recent years,anti-Ameri canism increased throughout the world,and many people shed doubt on the United States' soft power-its ability to attract others by the legitimacy of U.S.policies and the ideological values that underlay them.This paper analyzes some essential components of American soft power-competitiveness in science and technology,in thought and in norm and in agenda setting,in education and population,and concludes that American soft power will continue to grow.What really hamper American soft power are not its international rivals,but the frustrated mood of American people and domestic partisan divisions.