20世纪80年代美国对伊拉克的政策——从“偏向”到“摊牌”

U.S.Policy towards Iraq in the 1980s..From “Tilting” to “Bottom-up”

20世纪80年代,随着国际格局的演变及美苏实力对比的消长,美国对海湾地区外交政策的战略考量发生了深刻变化。通过研究和梳理美国新解密的国家安全档案,这一时期美国对伊拉克的政策得到展现:虽然对伊拉克的"偏向"政策在这一时期占据了主导地位,但相互矛盾的政策却迭次而出,甚至并行推进。尽管对伊政策不断调整的过程体现了美国的海湾战略由意识形态主导向经济和政治利益主导的转移,但政策的乱象最终却是以美国与伊拉克在海湾战场上的兵戎相见而终结。从某种意义上来说,这是美国政策失误酿出的苦果。

With the transformation of international structure,and the changes of the strengths between America and the Soviet Union in the 1980s,the strategic consideration of America's Persian Gulf policy changed dramatically.The newly declassified US National Security documents presented a great diversity of inconsistent even conflicting policies done by the US government towards Iraq.Nevertheless,under the seemingly chaotic inconsistency in the policies,the principle and objectives of American policy to Iraq was clear and coherent,and was followed all the time.It aimed at approaching and influencing Iraq through economic and diplomatic measures,surpassing the present 'Constructive Engagement' relationship with Iraq,and finally turning Iraq into a pro-American regional power.This adjustment of American policy to Iraq was preconditioned by the operation regulation of American Foreign policy's decision-making mechanism.At the same time,it represented a strategic shift of American regional policy from ideology-oriented one to national interest-oriented one.