广东省某民办学校5～8岁学生膳食模式研究

A Study on a Optimal Dietary Pattern of 5 ~ 8 Years Old Boarding Students in Guangdong Province.

目的了解全日制民办学校学生的膳食结构及营养状况，探索适合我国学生的合理膳食模式。［方法］采用４日称重法对广东省某民办学校５～８岁学生共１３４８人进行膳食调查，同时进行体格及生化检查。［结果］该校 ５～ ８岁学生的每日平均热能、蛋白质、视黄醇、尼克酸、铁的摄入量均达到或超过 ＲＤＡ； ＶＢ１、 ＶＢ２、 ＶＣ和钙偏低。学生的身高、体重显著超过全国参考值（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０５）、接近 ＷＨＯ参考值。营养不良发生率无或低（不超过３．５％）。营养过剩除 ５岁男童为 １４．３％外，其余均不超过 ３．５％。贫血发生率低于全国平均水平。［结论］该校的膳食模式能满足５～８岁学生良好生长发育的需要，营养师指导和积极的膳食管理制度是保证合理膳食模式执行的关键，该模式不仅适合于全日制民办学校，也可推广到午餐制或其它形式供餐的学校。

Objective] To search a reasonable and practical dietary pattern for Chinese school students. [Methods] Dietary survey,weight, height and hemoglobin were detetmined for 1 348 students aged from 5 to 8 years in Guangdong largest private school. [Results] The mean intakes of energy, protein, vitamin A, niacin and iron of the students reach RDA levels. The intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, ascorbic acid and calcium of them are lower than RDA levels. The mean weight and height of the students are significantly higher than those of Chinese reference children, the two parameters of the student approach WHO reference values. The rates of malnutrition and overweight for the students are quiet low. The rate of anemia in these students is lower than Chinese average levels. [Conclusions] The dietary pattern in this school can meet the nutrition requirement for growth and development of 5 ~ 8 years old students. Dietian guideline and reasonable diet managing system are important for performing this dietary pattern. This dietary pattern is abc suitable to students in other type of schools.