国际政府间组织对传统知识议题的态度以及中国的对策建议

Attitude to the traditional knowledge of international governmental organizations and suggested strategies of China

传统知识是多个国际政府间组织的重要议题,各个组织开展了一系列讨论,形成了相关报告和决议,反映了不同的利益诉求,也表达了对于传统知识的不同见解和立场。在国际政府间组织中,以《生物多样性公约》为代表的国际组织关注环境与生物;以世界知识产权组织和世界贸易组织为代表的国际组织关注经济与贸易;以《土著人民权利宣言》为代表的国际组织关注社会和权利。结合我国在国际政府间组织中的已有承诺,以及丰富多样的传统知识等具体国情,建议我国需要更重视传统知识保护,并采取惠益分享的立法行动,制定以《名古屋议定书》为基础的传统知识保护制度和惠益分享制度,以期达成环境、经济和社会的协调发展。

Traditional knowledge is an important issue for international governmental organizations （IGOs）. A number of international conferences have been held to discuss this topic, and a number of relevant reports and resolutions have been produced. These resolutions reflect different interests at stake and express a different understanding and position towards traditional knowledge. IGOs led by the Convention on Biological Diversity focus more on environment and biodiversity, whereas IGOs including the World Intellectual Property Organization and World Trade Organization focus on economic development and international trade. Other IGOs such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples focus on society and human rights. In consideration of China’s commitment to IGOs and rich history, China should attach more importance to the protection of traditional knowledge, and consider the initiation of legislation that provides the benefits of information sharing as described in the Nagoya Protocol. This will establish a benefit sharing system to protect traditional knowledge as a way to ensure harmonious development among the environment, economy, and society.