检视欧盟共同外交政策运作共同体化的可能性

The Probable Communitarisation of the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy

随着欧盟不断深化和扩大,又企图在全球事务上扮演重要角色,国际学界遂从原共同体法研究和共同外交与安全政策研究中发展出一个针对欧盟对外事务法律研究的新领域,专门研究欧盟对外事务的法律规范,以及这些规范对欧盟对外行为的影响。由于《里斯本条约》取消了三支柱架构,将共同体和联盟合并成一个新的欧洲联盟,并赋予法律人格,原共同体法也蜕变为联盟法,学界开始探索原共同体法是否可能因此渗入共同外交与安全政策运作。本文顺着制度主义的脉络,首先分析《里斯本条约》创设的新制对欧盟共同外交政策运作可能产生的影响,然后尝试聚焦法律的演变,来探究欧盟共同外交"共同体化"的可能,包括欧洲法院对共同外交政策的管辖权、共同外交决策在新联盟中的法律位阶,以及欧盟通过《欧盟运行条约》第352条径行扩权的可能性。作者认为,欧盟共同外交的"共同体化"其实早已悄悄展开,《里斯本条约》则可能会加快这个发展,但是通过法律渗透而建立的一体化共同外交政策,并不能提升其效率,反而可能治丝愈棼,掣肘欧盟在全球事务上扮演一个更积极、更有影响力的角色。

The Lisbon Treaty has abolished the three-pillar structure,merged the former Community and the Union into a new Union and granted the new Union the international legal personality.Accordingly,this process would lead to the integration of the two legal orders which had been separated between the former Community and Union.In this paper,the author intends to explore whether such legal integration would pave the way to the communitarisation of the CFSP.In order to answer this question,the author firstly reviewed the literature on the law regulating EU external actions and,based upon institutionalism,analyzed the questions relating to the ECJ's jurisdiction on the CFSP,the status of the acts adopted under the CFSP framework and the possible extension of the EU's CFSP competences.According to the author's findings,the communitarisation of CFSP had begun even before the entry into effect of the Lisbon Treaty owing to the penetration of ex-Community law into the CFSP.However,this communitarisation would neither strengthen the CFSP nor the EU's role in the world.