NICU医院感染的危险因素调查

Risk factors for nosocomial infections in NICU

目的调查新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)医院感染危险因素,有针对性的提出改进方法,提高新生儿医院感染预防控制和管理质量。方法对NICU病床使用率发生变化时的环境,在工作状态下进行空气、手、湿化槽、保温箱采样,进行微生物监测。结果对照组环境卫生学监测采样173份,合格130份,合格率为75.1%;观察组环境卫生学监测采样173份,合格168份,合格率为97.1%;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);监测合格率与病床使用率成反比,医院NICU布局流程符合要求,环境卫生学监测结果均在环境卫生监测标准之内。结论按照NICU设置的床位数和病情收住患儿、环境物品规范消毒、工作人员出入NICU认真落实更衣和洗手制度,可有效控制医院感染各环节。

OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors for nosocomial infections in NICU and put forward effective measures for the improvement so as to improve the quality of prevention and control of nosocomial infections in neonates.METHODS The environment as the use rate of the beds in NICU changed the sampling of the air,hands,wet slots and incubators under working state were monitored,and the surveillance of microbiology was performed.RESULTS Of 173 samples for the surveillance of environment hygiene in the control group,totally 130 samples were qualified with the qualified rate of 75.1%;of 173 samples for the surveillance of environment hygiene in the observation group,168 samples were qualified with the qualified rate of 97.1%;the difference was statistically significant（P0.05）;the qualified rate of the surveillance was negatively correlated with the utilization rate of the beds.CONCLUSION The layout and process of NICU is in accordance with the requirements,the enrollment of the children and standardized disinfection should be performed according to the setting number of the beds and the conditions,the staff carefully implement the clothes changing and hand washing system,all the results of the surveillance of environment hygiene met the standards,which can help effectively control each link of nosocomial infections.