2009-2011年陕西省血液中心感染性职业暴露分析与预防策略

Coping strategies of infectious occupational exposure in Shanxi blood center 2009-2011

目的增强采供血人员自我防护意识,进一步做好采供血机构感染性职业暴露的预防。方法对2009-2011年陕西省血液中心感染性职业暴露情况进行回顾性分析,比较不同岗位、工作地点、工作环节、不同身体部位发生感染性职业暴露的频率,提出预防措施及应对策略。结果 2009-2011年陕西省血液中心感染性职业暴露呈上升趋势,发生率10.1%;29例感染性职业暴露全部发生于血液采集科,其发生率为28.7%;采血护士发生率65.7%,居首位;针头刺伤占86.2%;采血车占93.1%,明显高于献血屋的6.9%;左手占72.4%,明显高于右手及其他部位;留样环节占55.2%,明显高于其他环节。结论将职业暴露管理纳入血站质量体系,运用质量管理理念采取针对性的干预措施加以管理;优化操作流程,规范操作方法,重点预防采血车的针刺伤;采供血机构应加强献血屋的建设,宽敞、布局合理的环境可有效避免感染性职业暴露的发生。

OBJECTIVE To improve the medical personnel＇s consciousness of self protection in blood center and further prevent them from being harmed by the occupational exposure.METHODS The incidence of the infectious occupational exposures in Shanxi Blood Center was respectively analyzed from 2009 to 2011,the incidence rates of the occupational exposures,which occurred in different posts,working locations,links and the body sites,were compared,the prevention measures and the coping strategies were put forward.RESULTS According to the investigation,the trend of occupational exposure cases was on the rise with the incidence of 10.1%;all the 29 cases of occupational exposure occurred in blood sampling department with the incidence rate of 28.7%;the incidence rate of the blood sampling nurses was 65.7%,ranking the first place;the needle stick injuries accounted for 86.2%;the blood collection vehicle accounted for 93.1%,significantly higher than 6.9% of blood donation room;the left hands accounted for 72.4%,higher than that of the right hands and other sites;the retaining sample link accounted for 55.2%,significantly higher than that of other links.CONCLUSION To incorporate the occupational exposure management into the blood center quality system,take the corresponding interventions by applying quality management concept,optimize the operation procedure,standardize the operation,attach great importance to the needle stick injuries in blood collection vehicle,and enhance the construction of the blood donation room in blood collection centers and its reasonable layout can effectively prevent the infectious occupational exposures.