腰椎间盘突出症非手术治疗效果系统评价综述

Effectiveness of Non-Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation:A Systematic Review

腰椎间盘突出症是临床上引起腰腿痛的最常见原因之一。腰椎间盘突出症的非手术治疗方法众多,在临床实践中广泛使用。为获得最佳治疗方案,笔者全面检索了近年发表的非手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的系统评价,最终共获得13篇相关系统评价,其中1篇关于保守治疗,8篇涉及中医治疗,4篇关于化学酶髓核溶解和封闭疗法。其结果显示:保守治疗涉及注射、牵引、理疗、卧床、手法、药物和针灸,但未发现哪种保守治疗方法明确优于包括不治疗的其他保守方法。有系统评价结果显示:中医治疗安全性较高。中医综合治疗效果较单一治疗效果相对较好;电针与常规治疗(卧床休息、腰围保护、骨盆牵引、手法或理疗)和口服药物相比,是一种安全有效的治疗方法,能更有效地改善患者的疼痛和整体功能;中药熏蒸联合牵引治疗较单纯牵引有效。胶原酶髓核溶解经皮治疗的Meta分析结果显示其短期疗效不错。硬膜外类固醇经皮注射治疗也有一定疗效。综上所述,中医治疗、化学酶髓核溶解和封闭疗法治疗腰椎间盘突出症可能有一定疗效。但因为当前证据质量不高,甚至出现结论冲突,尚需开展更多高质量的临床研究加以验证。

Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common causes of low back and leg pain in clinic. There are a lot of non-surgical therapeutic methods widely used in clinic for treating lumbar disc herniation. The author assessed the available systematic reviews of non-surgical methods in treating lumbar disc herniation which had been published in these years, and finally a total of 13 systematic reviews were retrieved including i about conservative treatments, 8 Chinese medicine treatments, and 4 percutaneous treatments, such as chemonucleolysis and epidural steroid injection. The results showed that the conservative treatments included injections, traction, physical therapy, bed rest, manipulation, medication, and acupuncture. But no evidence was found to show that any of the above treatments was clearly superior to others including no treatment for patients with lumbar disc herniation. The outcomes from some reviews showed that Chinesemedicine treatments were safer and comprehensive treatment of traditional Chinese medicine was relatively effective compared with single treatment. Electro-acupuncture, compared with conventional therapy （bed rest, waist protection, pelvic traction, manual or physical therapy） and oral medications as well, was safe and effective in alleviating pain and improving overall function. Chinese medicinal fumigation combined with traction was more effective than single treatment. Percutaneous treatment of chemonucleolysis had much better short-term effectiveness. Percutaneous epidural steroid injection also had certain effects. To summarize, Chinese medicine and percutaneous treatments may be effective in treating lumbar disc herniation. However, more clinical trials are needed, since current evidence is of low quality.