儿童及青少年功能性便秘流行病学调查及危险因素分析

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of risk factors of functional constipation in children and adolescents

目的:调查广东省中山市4～16岁儿童及青少年功能性便秘的流行病学情况及其影响因素,为儿童及青少年功能性便秘的病因学研究及防治提供科学依据。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样调查法对广东省中山市5个镇(区)29所幼儿园、13所小学和7所中学的5 731例儿童及青少年进行问卷调查,包括诊断问卷及相关因素问卷。结果:广东省中山市4～16岁儿童及青少年功能性便秘总体患病率为6.98%,其中4～10岁组为7.61%、11～16岁组为6.12%。4～10岁组儿童功能性便秘的危险因素包括有便秘家族史、每日蔬菜及水果的摄入量及饮水量少、喜甜食、幼时因排便不良受到惩罚或训斥;11～16岁组儿童及青少年便秘的危险因素包括有便秘家族史,每日蔬菜水果的摄入量及饮水量少,喜饮广东凉茶,运动量小,憋便、不去排便,家庭不和,其OR值均>1。结论:儿童及青少年功能性便秘的危险因素较多,不同年龄段有所不同。针对不同人群采取具有针对性的措施可有效防治功能性便秘的发生。

Objective： To investigate the epidemiological situation and the influencing factors of functional constipation in 4 - 16 - year - old children and adolescents in Zhongshan city of Guangdong province, provide a scientific basis for etiological study, prevention and treatment of functional constipation in children and adolescents. Methods ： A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investi- gate 5 751 children and adolescents from 29 kindergartens, 13 primary schools, and 7 middle schools in 5 towns （districts） of Zhongshan cit- y in Guangdong province by questionnaires （including diagnostic questionnaire and questionnaire for related factors） . Results： The total prevalence rate of functional constipation in 4 - 16 - year - old children and adolescents in Zhongshan city of Guangdong province was 6. 98% ; the prevalence rates of functional constipation in 4 - 10 - year - old group and tl - 16 - year - old group were 7. 61% and 6： 12%, respectively. The risk factors of functional constipation in children in 4 - 10 - year - old group included family history of constipation, low daily intake of vegetables and fruits and water intake, favoring sweet food, and being punished or reprimanded because of bad habits of defe- cation in childhood. The risk factors of functional constipation in adolescents in 11 - 16 - year - old group included family history of constipa- tion, low daily intake of vegetables and fruits and water intake, favoring Guangdong herbal tea, small amount of exercise, suppressing defe- cation, and family dissension, the values of OR were more than one. Conclusion ： The risk factors of functional constipation in children and adolescents were a lot, varying with age. Targeting measures should be taken to prevent and control the occurrence of functional constipation effectively for different population groups.