论中国学术的自我主张

On the Autonomy of Chinese Academe

任何一种真正的学术都在其发展进程中经历过一个决定性转折,即摆脱它对于外部学术的"学徒状态",并从而取得其自我主张。对于中国的人文学术和社会科学来说,它的自我主张同时是容受性的。这意味着,它在广泛的对外学习中要成为能思的和批判的。中国学术之取得自我主张的总体标志,从形式上来说,在于它能够真正根植于本民族的"活的语言"中;就内容方面而言,在于它能够批判地脱离主观思想—外部反思,从而深入到中国的社会现实本身之中。中国近代以来的学术既在相应的时期保持其对于外来学术的学徒状态,又在一定阶段上开始意识到并诉求其自我主张,这两方面归根到底是从我们的历史性实践之命运的转折发源的。就这一基础而言,只有当中国发展的独特道路得到充分的发育和成熟,只有当中国发展的目标不再可能从外部的任何一种形式中现成地取得,只有当中国的历史性实践本身形成一种向着未来筹划的强大的统摄力,中国学术的自我主张方始能够积极地生成并内在巩固地建立起来。

Every kind of authentic academe must have experienced the decisive transformation during the process of its development, that is, to get rid of its ＂apprenticeship＂ with reference to the exterior academe and to acquire its autonomy. To the Chinese humanities and social sciences, their autonomy is at the same time their receptivity. This means that it must become capable of thinking and critical during the process of its learning from the exterior. As far as its form is concerned, it means that it must be able to really root in the ＂live language＂ of its own nation; As far as its content is concerned, it means that it could be able to critically get rid of ＂subjective thought-external reflection＂ and to find the way to go into the Chinese reality. Chinese modern academe has on the one hand been the apprentice of the exterior academe during some period, and on the other hand become conscious of and started to claim for its autonomy from certain stage of its development. In the final analysis, both of these two sides originate in the transformation of the destiny of our historical praxis. As far as this basis is concerned, the autonomy of Chinese academe could be positively established and inherently consolidated only when the particular road of Chinese development has been fully developed and matured, when the goal of Chinese development can not be acquired as something ready-made from any kind of the exterior forms, and when the Chinese historical praxis has formed the great governing power （or plastic power） which is projecting toward the future.