淡水湖泊最小生态需水量简易求解方法及应用

Simplified Solution for Minimum Ecological Water Demand in Freshwater Lake and Its Application

湖泊最小生态需水量是维持湖泊合理水位及水体自净能力的基础,并已成为淡水资源科学配置和持续利用的基本保证。从湖泊形态和典型水生生物的角度出发,探索了湖泊最小生态需水的简易求解方法,为防止湖泊生态系统进一步退化,在确定湖泊最低生态水位时,将水文统计资料中的多年平均年最低水位作为参考值,综合考虑湖泊的死水位、上层典型鱼类生存水位、野生鱼类生存和繁殖所需的最低水位,选取水位的最大值作为最小生态水位,并以江苏省的9个典型淡水湖泊为例,分析了湖泊主要特征参数、湖泊水位特征值及湖泊的主要植被和鱼类状况,获得各湖泊的最小生态需水量。

The minimum ecological water demand is to maintain reasonable water level and self-purification capacity, which has become the basis of allocation and sustainable utilization of water resources. The simple method is given to cal- culate the minimum ecological water demand by considering lakes form and the typical hydrobiont. The maximum water level among the dead water level of lake, the level for typical fish living in the upper water column and the minimum level for survival and reproduction of wild fish is chosen as the minimum ecological water level with the mean annual minimum water level as a reference value. Taking 9 typical freshwater lakes in Jiangsu Province for an example, the minimum eco- logical water demand of each lake is obtained by analyzing the main characteristic parameter, characteristic water level, typical vegetation and fish in lakes.