资源分布、阶层地位与社会 支持基于东亚华人社会的比较

Distribution of Resources,Social Class,and Social Support:Comparisons of the Chinese Societies in East Asia

已有研究大多从网络结构角度讨论社会支持,本文基于2006年"亚洲民主动态调查"(Asian Barometer Survey)的数据,从地位结构观角度探讨了东亚华人社会城市居民的社会支持选择。研究结果表明,在不同资源分布格局的华人社会中,阶层结构对城市居民在社会支持选择上的影响存在差异。具体而言,在正式支持和混合支持的选择上,与中国大陆相比,教育地位对港台地区居民选择混合支持的几率有更明显的正向作用;在正式支持和非正式支持的选择上,教育地位对中国大陆居民选择正式支持的几率的正向作用更强。

In Chinese societies, kinship relations always play a very important role in social support due to the impact of Confucian culture. The establishment of the modern welfare system including social assistance and pensions has shifted the overreliance on personal networks for social support to using the formal multi-level support system. Current scholars have studied social support from the network structural perspective. This paper tries to apply the social status perspective to the study of social support. At present there are two theoretical perspectives, i. e., the theory of resource distribution and the theory of social status block, the former emphasizing how the distribution of economic resources and political power structure influence individuals＇ network selection and utilization, and the latter emphasizing how social stratification controls people＇s social contact and interaction to influence the accessible network resources. Facing the theoretical limitations, the author proposes a new analytical framework of ＂distribution of resource-structure of class＇ （DR- SC）＂ to examine the selection of social support by the urban citizens in the Chinese societies in East Asia based on the 2006 Asia Barometer Survey. The findings suggest that, in China's Mainland, which had the ＂Supplementary Welfare＂ system, and in Hong Kong and Taiwan, which had the ＂Productivist Welfare Capitalism,＂ social status made significant differences in the selection of social support by the urban citizens. To be specific, when selecting the formal or mixed support, compared with China's Mainland, educational status and selection of mixed social support networks produced higher positive coefficients amofig Hong Kong and Taiwan residents, whereas among Mainland Chinese, the higher positive coefficients were for the relationship between educational status and selection of formal social support. However, there was no difference in the impact of employment status on social support selection in the three regions. The new analytic framework received good empirical support. For social policies, justice in resource distribution is the key to resolving the class inequality in social support.