论生态指标在生态学和政策之间的桥梁作用

ECOLOGICAL INDICATOR: THE BRIDGE BETWEEN ECOLOGICAL SCIENCE AND POLICY

日益严峻的生态与环境问题表明,生态学对实现可持续发展的相关决策的影响力还很有限。从知识生产、传播和应用的角度,系统分析了妨碍生态学服务于政策的因素,指出生态知识传播的形式不当是主要原因之一。生态指标是关于生态系统结构、组成成分或功能方面的可度量的特征,它是生态系统的指示器,也是生态信息的有效传播形式之一。生态指标能够以一种易于公众和决策者理解和交流的方式来提供生态信息,服务于相关生态和环境政策的制定。实际上,只有由生态学家、政策制定者和决策者共同参与开发出来的生态指标才能真正成为生态学和政策的桥梁,才能有助于消除决策者和生态学家之间的隔阂,促进形成科学合理的生态政策。为了让生态学更好地服务于可持续发展的相关决策,还应该将生态指标与社会经济指标结合起来。

The increasingly ecological and environmental problems indicate that ecological science currently plays only marginal roles in the decision-making of sustainable development in China.This article systematically analyzes the reasons that may decrease the effect of ecological knowledge on policy,and finds that the most important reason is the improper form of the ecological knowledge ecologists provided to decision-makers.As a kind of measurable characteristics related to the structure,composition,or function of ecosystem,ecological indicator is one of the effective forms for transferring ecological knowledge to the public and policy makers.Ecological indicator translates the complicated ecological knowledge to the public and policy makers in an easy understanding way,which make the informed decisions with ecological knowledge possible.Actually,the ecological indicator that developed by ecologists together with policy makers and decision makers would be the bridge between ecological science and policy.Furthermore,this kind of ecological indicator is very helpful to narrow the gap between ecologists and policy makers,and to facilitate developing the ecological policies with sound ecolgoical science.In order to make the ecological science serve the policy more effectively,ecological indicators should be integrated with well-known social-economic indicators.For decision makers,those ecological indicators will be more useful.