实证主义与科层制理论的关系探析

Research on the Relation between Positivism and the Theory of Bureaucracy

被视为是反实证主义巨擘的韦伯,其科层制理论也带有明显的实证主义特征。科层制理论这种内在矛盾性是由韦伯所处的时代为实证主义时代,以及他对作为其思想来源的新康德主义所主张的在历史领域中人类行为无规律可循的观点存在不满所决定的。为了使科层制理论像自然科学一样具有揭示现象间的因果关系的可预计性功能,韦伯从实证主义中吸取了价值中立、因果关系等要素,从而不可避免地使科层制理论呈现出"暗含的实证主义"特征。

Anti-positivism is an obvious tendency of Weber＇s theory. However,that＂the nineteenth century is the century of positivism＂ makes weber＇s bureaucracies theory be difficult to avoid the impact of positivism. Additionally, Weber is dissatisfied with the views of Neo-Kantianism that his thoughts sources come from which holds the views that in the field of history cannot be reasonable and that human behaviour has no rule;This views is contrary with his ideas that＂ research wants to be science must take general proposition, even the science is with human＇s unique understanding＂. To overcome these contradictions and make his bureaucracies theory as a nature science that the phenomenon of causality can be revealed to realize the function of forseeing. Weber is bound to reconcile the relations between positivism and anti-positivism, and try to find theory resources which enables bureaucracies theory be inevitably with characteristics of value neutrality,causality and so on.