广东惠州西湖风景名胜理法浅论

Landscape Theory and Method of Guangdong Huizhou West Lake Scenic Area

惠州西湖位于古惠州城西,历史上曾与杭州西湖、颍州西湖齐名。借助古籍文献如史籍、地方志、诗文、考古成果和图像资料,辅以实地考察、测绘等研究方法;以古代风景园林理法之"相地"、"明旨"、"治山理水"等程序对惠州西湖风景名胜区进行分析。湖具有:供水惠城、蓄纳洪水、军事设防、兴农旺渔、维持生态和风景游览等功能。古人在修筑拦水堤、城墙和路堤的过程中兼顾了水域形态整治和局部景观的塑造,从而奠定了惠州西湖风景名胜区的山水间架。归纳总结景点的造景手法,核心是"因借",即凭借自然、人文因子造景:主要有借山、水的"三远"造景,借烟雾、方位朝向和借植被花果之色彩造景。

Huizhou West Lake is located in the west of the ancient Huizhou City. It used to be equally famous to Hangzhou West Lake and Yingzhou West Lake. With the ancient documents such as history and local records, poetry, archaeological achievements and images, as well as local investigation and mapping, this paper analyzes Huizhou West Lake Scenic Area though the traditional landscape analysis programs such as ＂investigating the landscape elements in the site＂, ＂establishing the design purpose＂ and ＂modeling the mountains and water＂. It finds out Huizhou West Lake provides water supply for local residents and functions as an important area for flood control and fortification. It benefits the local agriculture and fishery, helps to maintain the eco-system and offers recreation opportunities for residents and visitors. When the ancient people constructed the embankments, walls and causeways, they considered the water form restoration and partial landscape creation, which laid the basic landscape structure for Huizhou West Lake Scenic Area. This paper summarizes that the core of landscape approach for Huizhou West Lake is ＂Yin Jie＂, which means a landscape is created based on the natural and cultural elements of the site. Moister and fogs, orientation and colors of the flowers and fruits can be used to create landscapes for waters and mountains.