试析富农阶层的社会流动--以20世纪三四十年代的华北乡村为中心

A Preliminary Analysis of the Social Mobility of Rich Peasants:Centered on the North China Countryside in the 1930s and 1940s

借助于社会流动的分析路径,或可以进一步揭示特定历史时期富农阶层的动态特征和一般情状。富农阶层的总流动率和上向流动率呈下降趋势,上向流动率与下向流动率之比也是逐代下降。富农的代内流动过程在一定意义上揭示着时代进程的历史特征。革命主导下以变革社会结构和权力结构为目标的社会改造运动巨浪迭起,富农阶层由此发生结构性流动。富农的生成及其存在,对于乡村社会乃至整个社会而言,始终是既具有内驱力也有着引领性的社会力量。在大的制度变迁和社会变革的背景下,通过富农阶层流动的个案分析,或许有助于对这一问题的再思考。

Using the methods of social mobility analysis,we perhaps can further reveal the dynamics and general conditions of the rich peasant class during this specific historical period.During this period there was a downward trend in the general mobility rate and an upward trend in the mobility rate of the rich peasant class.Furthermore,the ratio of upward mobility to downward mobility declined from generation to generation.In a certain sense the course of rich peasant mobility within a single generation unveiled the advance into a new historical era.During wave after wave of social reform movements under the leadership of the revolution aimed at changing social and power structures,the rich peasant class underwent structural shifts.For rural societies and even society as a whole,the emergence and survival of the rich peasants has always been both an inner driving force and a leading force.Against the background of the great transformation of the political system and society,it is perhaps helpful for us to reflect on this issue through case analyses of the mobility of the rich peasant class.