广东省农村垃圾产生特征及处理方式的调查分析

Composition of Solid Waste and Its Disposition Methods in Rural Area of Guangdong Province,China

为了了解目前广东省农村垃圾的处理现状,采用按比例分层随机抽样方法,选取广东省33个县(市、区)中的256个行政村为调查对象,每村随机选取10户进行调查。调查结果表明,广东省农村垃圾中来源于生活性垃圾占60.13%,来源于生产性垃圾占39.87%;生产性垃圾中主要是种植业垃圾和工业垃圾,各占32.87%和29.73%。各地区农村垃圾产量差异较大,在调查区县中,人均垃圾总产生量排在前两位的分别是东莞和中山的村庄,最少的是揭阳和梅州的村庄。从全省来看,农村垃圾的处理方式主要是随意处置,占37.89%,其次是由乡(镇)派车外运统一进行处理,占25.78%,在珠三角和粤北的韶关则主要是由乡(镇)派车外运统一处理。以农户为单位产生的垃圾来源统计分析结果显示,91.58%农户的垃圾主要来源于生活废弃物,8.16%农户垃圾的主要来源是养殖业废弃物。农户人均生活垃圾产生量最高的是东莞0.82kg.d-1,其次是广州0.75kg.d-1,最低的是茂名和清远,均为0.31kg.d-1;38.86%的农户的家庭生活垃圾的处理方式是随意堆放,57.76%的农户生活垃圾是收集堆放的,收集堆放方式中有31.64%是填埋处理,19.06%是焚烧处理,7.06%是生物处理。为了实现各类垃圾的无害化、减量化和资源化,农村垃圾应该分类收集、分类处理,因地制宜地组合选用垃圾处理处置技术。

In order to understand the present situation of waste treatment in rural area and provide scientific information for the formulation of waste handling strategy, 10 families in each of the 256 villages from 33 counties in Guangdong Province were selected for investigation through proportional stratified random sampling method.In village level, the result of this survey showed that 60.134% of the waste in a village was domestic waste and 39.87% was production waste. Among production waste, 32.87% was from crop production and 29.73% was from in- dustrial production. Per capita output of rural waste varies in different region, the top two were from villages in Dongguan and Zhongshan, the last two were from villages in Jieyang and Meizhou. Dumping rural garbage randomly in wild was used in 37.89% of the villages. This was the main method of handling rural waste prevailing through the whole province. The second most poplular method for garbage treatment was col- lected arid carried away for centralized treatment. This was acounted for 25.78% and mainly adapted in the Pearl River Delta near Guangzhou and Shaoguan in the northern of Guangdong. In household level, statistical results showed that the 91.58% households had their garbage mainly from domestic resources, and 8.16% had their garbage mainly from animal raising.The highest household garbage output per capita was 0.82 kg .d^-1 in Dongguan, followed by Guangzhou 0.75 kg.d^-1. The two lowest appeared in Maoming and Qingyuan where waste generated by each person were both 0.31 kg. d^-1. The methods used for domestic waste treatment were 38.86% randomly dumped in wild, 57.76% col- lected and disposed for landfill（ 31.64% ）, burning treatment（ 19.06% ）or bioprocess（7.06% ）. Further discussicn was carried out for classified garbage coIlection and locally adapted garbage disposal technology in rural areas.