摘要
【目的】探讨播期对直播稻干物质生产特征和光合生产特征的影响。【方法】以中熟中粳、迟熟中粳和早熟晚粳3种类型具有代表性的4个水稻品种(含常规粳稻和杂交粳稻两种)为材料,通过分期播种试验,对直播稻干物质的积累、分配、运转及叶面积、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率等方面进行了系统的比较研究。【结果】(1)无论是从单茎还是群体来看,拔节、孕穗、抽穗、蜡熟和成熟期的干物重均随播期的推迟呈明显的下降趋势,且随着生育进程的推进,差异愈加明显。(2)随着播期的推迟,播种期至拔节期和拔节期至抽穗期的干物质积累量占成熟期总干物质积累量的比例呈一定的上升趋势,抽穗至成熟期则呈一定的下降趋势,各阶段的干物质积累量随播期的推迟呈显著或极显著的下降趋势。(3)随着生育进程的推进,单茎叶重和单茎鞘重均呈逐渐下降的趋势,单茎茎重呈先增后减再增的趋势,单茎穗重则呈逐渐增加的趋势;随着播期的推迟,单茎叶重和单茎鞘重在孕穗期和抽穗期呈显著或极显著的下降趋势,蜡熟期差异很小,成熟期呈略微增加的趋势,单茎茎重和单茎穗重在各时期均呈显著或极显著的下降趋势。(4)随着生育进程的推进,生育中后期的叶、茎、鞘、穗各部分所占的比例与其干物重的变化趋势一致;随着播期的推迟,叶比例和鞘比例在孕穗期呈略微的下降趋势,抽穗期变化不大,蜡熟期和成熟期均呈显著或极显著的上升趋势,茎比例在孕穗期和抽穗期呈略微的下降趋势,蜡熟期呈略微的增加趋势,成熟期呈一定的下降趋势,穗比例在孕穗期呈略微的增加趋势,抽穗期变化不大,到蜡熟期和成熟期则呈显著或极显著的下降趋势。(5)随着播期的推迟,叶、茎和鞘的输出量、输出率和输出物质转化率均呈显著或极显著的下降趋势。(6)随着播期的推迟,叶面积指数拔节期相当,孕穗期、抽穗期和蜡熟期呈显著或极显著的下降趋势,成熟期略微下降,播种期到拔节期、拔节期到抽穗期和全生育期的的光合势均呈显著或极显著的下降,抽穗期到成熟期有所下降,差异不显著。(7)随着播期的推迟,群体生长率播种期至拔节期呈极显著的上升趋势,拔节期至抽穗期差异不显著,抽穗期至成熟期呈极显著的下降趋势,净同化率播种期至拔节期和拔节期至抽穗期呈明显的上升趋势,抽穗期至成熟期呈明显的下降趋势。【结论】播期对直播稻光合物质生产特征具有较大的影响。较迟播而言,早播具有前期物质生产量适宜,中后期积累旺盛,干物质总量大且分配合理,运输转化效率高,抽穗后光合生产能力强的特点。
[ Objective ] The objective of the study is to elucidate the effect of sowing date on characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of direct seeding rice. [Method] Taking four representative rice cultivars of three types of early-maturing late japonica rice, late-maturing medium japonica rice and medium-maturing medium japonica rice (including japonica conventional rice and japonica hybrid rice) as experimental materials, the dry matter accumulation, distribution, translocation and leaf area, photosynthetic potential, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate of direct seeding rice were studied. [Result] Along with the delayed sowing date, dry matter weight of single stem and population at jointing, booting, heading, waxy stages and maturity both showed a apparent downward trend, and the difference was increasing with the growing process. Along with the delayed sowing date, the proportion of dry matter accumulation from sowing to jointing and from jointing to heading increased, but from heading to maturity decreased, while the dry matter accumulation of every stage reduced significantly or very significantly. With the growing process, leaf weight per stem and sheath weight per stem decreased, stem weight per stem firstly increased and then decreased, and panicle weight per stem increased. Along with the delayed sowing date, leaf weight per stem and sheath weight per stem decreased significantly or very significantly at booting and heading, little difference at waxy stage and increased a little at maturity, stem weight per stem and panicle weight per stem decreased significantly or very significantly at all stages. With the growing process, the proportion of leaf, stem, sheath and panicle in the later growth period had the same changes as the dry matter weight. Along with the delayed sowing date, the ratio of leaf and sheath decreased a little at booting, little difference at heading and increased significantly or very significantly at waxy stage and maturity, the ratio of stem decreased a little at booting and headiag, increased a little at waxy stage and decreased at maturity, the ratio of panicle increased a little at booting, little difference', at heading and decreased significantly or very significantly at waxy stage and maturity. Along with the delayed sowing date, the exportation, export rate and transformation rate of leaf, stem and sheath decreased significantly or very significantly. Along with the delayed sowing date, the leaf area index had a little difference at jointing, decreased significantly or very significantly at booting, heading and waxy stages, and decreased a little at maturity, the photosynthetic potential from sowing to jointing, jointing to heading e^nd the whole growth period decreased significantly or very significantly, and decreased from heading to maturity, but the difference was little not significant. Along with the delayed sowing date, the crop growth rate from sowing to jointing increased significantly, little difference from jointing to heading and decreased significantly from heading to maturity, the net assimilation rate from sowing to jointing and from jointing to heading increased obviously, but decreased obviously from heading to maturity. [Conclusion] Sowing date had a great effect on characteristics of photosynthesis and matter production of direct seeding rice. Compared to sowing late, sowing early has the advantages that the dry matter accumulation is appropriate in the early stage and significantly higher in the middle and late stages, so the total dry matter accumulation is significantly higher and its distribution is reasonable, the export and transformation rate is high, and the photosynthetic production capacity is great after heading.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第13期2592-2606,共15页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家"十二五"科技支撑计划重大项目(2011BAD16B03)
江苏省科技支撑计划重大项目(BE2009425)
江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2011449)
超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成(农业部专项)
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(10)129)
江苏省自主创新基金体系项目(CX(12)1003)
关键词
播期
直播稻
干物质生产特征
光合生产特征
sowing date
direct seeding rice
characteristics of dry matter production
characteristics of photosynthetic production