华南地区壮伟环毛蚓(Amynthas robustus)和皮质远盲蚓(Amynthas corticis)对土壤酶活性和微生物学特征的影响

Effects of Earthworms Collected from South China on Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Characteristics

【目的】研究华南地区两种常见蚯蚓对水稻土和菜园土的土壤酶活性和微生物学特征的影响。【方法】选取两种生态类型蚯蚓:壮伟环毛蚓(Amynthas robustus)和皮质远盲蚓(Amynthas corticis),接种到水稻土和菜园土中。通过分析蚯蚓对土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、转化酶、酸性和碱性磷酸酶以及土壤基础呼吸、微生物量碳、微生物代谢熵等微生物特征的影响,探讨其对不同土壤的生物学性状的作用。【结果】皮质远盲蚓可以显著提高水稻土基础呼吸,增强过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性,并降低酸性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05);两种蚯蚓均可增加菜园土脲酶活性,同时壮伟环毛蚓能够促进转化酶活性提高,而皮质远盲蚓则有利于过氧化氢酶活性增强(P<0.05)。多元数据分析结果显示皮质远盲蚓和壮伟环毛蚓均能够显著提高两种土壤的生物学综合性状(P<0.05);且皮质远盲蚓对菜园土生物质量的优化作用高于壮伟环毛蚓。【结论】蚯蚓活动有助于土壤生物学质量的提高,因此其能够作为有效生物资源应用于可持续土壤管理体系。但是,蚯蚓对土壤生物学性状的改变与蚯蚓自身生态类型和土壤特征密切相关。在未来工作中,根据不同土壤特征进行蚓种筛选和适宜有机物添加十分必要。

[ Objective ] Effects of two earthworm species on soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activities were studied in paddy and vegetable soils in South China. [Method] Two earthworm species （Amynthas robustus and Amynthas corticis） were cultured in paddy and vegetable soils in the lab. Parameters such as soil catalase, urease, invertase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, soil basal respiration, microbe biomass carbon, microbial metabolic quotient were analyzed to evaluate earthworm＇s effects on soil biological quality in different soil types. [ Result] Results showed that A. corticis could significantly improve soil basal respiration, enhance catalase and ureased activities, and decrease acid phosphatase activities （P〈0.05） in paddy soil. In vegetable soil, both of earthworm species increase urease activities. A, robustus and A. corticis increased invertase and catalase activities （P〈0.05）, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that A. corticis and A. robustus improved soil biological properties in both of two kinds of soil, and especially more positive effects on soil biological quality were shown in A. corticis than A. robustus in vegetable soil. [ Conclusion ] Earthworms improved soil biological quality in the study, so it could be considered as a biological resource for the application in sustainable soil management. Effects of earthworms on soil biological quality depend on their ecological categories and soil properties. It is recommended that more studies on the screening of earthworm species and organic matter additions should be performed in future according to the local conditions.